Binary black holes may be more stable than scientists previously thought, the action of dark energy accelerating the expansion of the universe and helping these binary black holes maintain a safe distance.
Black holes are regions of space around an infinitely dense ‘singularity’ born from the collapse of a massive star. With multiple masses Sun Crammed into small 10-mile (16-kilometer) diameters, black holes have a gravitational pull so strong that even light can’t escape the boundary around them, called event horizon. And because massive stars usually found in binary pairs orbiting each other, black holes also often occur in binary partnerships.
When these black holes move, they create gravitational waves – ripples in the fabric of space-time, and these ripples remove angular momentum from the system. This causes the black holes to spiral together gravity eventually capturing the black holes, causing the black holes to collide, merge and form a single, more massive black hole. Until now, scientists believed that this process was inevitable binary black holes they are ultimately destined to become solitary solitary objects.
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It is the case that the universe is static. However, since the early 1900s and after the discovery Edwin Hubble that galaxies are rapidly moving away from each other, scientists know that the universe is expanding. Also, at the end of the 20th century, astronomers discovered that this expansion is actually accelerating, and the cause of the acceleration is called “dark energy.”
Dark energy makes up 68% of the energy and matter content of the universe, although scientists remain in the dark about exactly what it is.
“The standard model from cosmology implies that A big explosioncreated the universe, and about 9.8 billion years ago it was seized by a mysterious force that created ‘dark energy’ that accelerates the universe at a constant rate,” said University of Southampton Professor Oscar Dias, lead author of the new paper. study, said the statement.
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The action of dark energy means that black holes sit in the ever-expanding fabric of the universe;time , leading the team to wonder whether this extension could help pairs of black holes stay separated. They solved the problem with some sophisticated mathematical models and found that two non-rotating black holes can indeed exist in equilibrium, with the gravitational attraction between them counteracting the expansion.
“Viewed from a distance, a pair of black holes whose attraction is offset by cosmic expansion will look like a single black hole,” Diaz added. “It might be hard to tell if it’s a single black hole or several of them.”
Conversely, the gravitational attraction between binary black holes would prevent expansion; the universefrom pushing black holes too far apart.
The researchers believe their solution can be extended to include spinning black holes, formally known as Kerr black holes, and even more exotic black hole systems with more than two objects.
“Our theory has been proven for pairs of static black holes, but we believe it can also be applied to rotating ones,” study co-author Jorge Santos, a researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, said in the same statement. “Also, it seems likely that our solution could hold true for three or even four black holes, opening up a whole host of possibilities.”
The team’s research was published last month in the journal Physical review letters.
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